Condition guide
VVF
Vesico-Vaginal Fistula — an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina, often after obstructed labour.
2M+
Women living with fistula globally
50–100k
New cases every year
>90%
Repairable with surgery
What it is
VVF is a hole between the bladder and the vagina that causes continuous, uncontrollable urine leakage. It is most often a result of prolonged, obstructed labour in low-resource settings, but can also follow pelvic surgery or radiation.
Infographic
The fistula tract
An abnormal opening connects bladder and vagina.
Common symptoms
- Continuous urine leakage
- Recurrent urinary infections
- Skin irritation and odour
- Social isolation and stigma
Causes & risk factors
- Prolonged obstructed labour
- Pelvic surgery complications
- Radiation therapy
- Trauma or sexual violence
Diagnosis
- Dye test (methylene blue)
- Cystoscopy
- Imaging in complex cases
Treatment & management
Surgical repair
The mainstay — most fistulas can be closed by a skilled surgeon.
Catheter management
Small, fresh fistulas can sometimes heal with prolonged catheterisation.
Holistic rehab
Counselling, physiotherapy and reintegration support.
When to seek urgent help
Fever, flank pain or sepsis with a known fistula needs immediate hospital care.
Frequently asked
Can VVF be prevented?
Yes — access to skilled birth attendants and timely caesareans prevents most cases.
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