Condition guide
PCOS
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a hormonal condition affecting ovulation, fertility, metabolism and skin.
1 in 10
Women of reproductive age
70%
Of cases go undiagnosed
#1
Cause of female infertility
What it is
PCOS is a hormonal imbalance where the ovaries produce excess androgens. Many small fluid-filled sacs (follicles) develop on the ovaries and eggs are not regularly released, disrupting the menstrual cycle.
Infographic
Polycystic ovary
Multiple small follicles arrange around the ovary's surface.
Common symptoms
- Irregular or absent periods
- Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
- Acne and oily skin
- Weight gain, hard to lose
- Thinning scalp hair
- Difficulty conceiving
Causes & risk factors
- Insulin resistance
- Elevated androgen levels
- Low-grade inflammation
- Genetic factors
Diagnosis
- Two of three Rotterdam criteria: irregular cycles, raised androgens, polycystic ovaries on scan
- Blood tests for hormones and glucose
- Pelvic ultrasound
Treatment & management
Lifestyle
Balanced eating, regular movement and sleep can dramatically improve symptoms.
Combined pill
Regulates cycles and reduces androgenic symptoms.
Metformin
Improves insulin sensitivity and may restore ovulation.
Ovulation induction
Letrozole or clomiphene when trying to conceive.
When to seek urgent help
Sudden severe pelvic pain may signal an ovarian cyst rupture or torsion — go to A&E.
Frequently asked
Does PCOS go away?
It's a lifelong condition, but symptoms can be very well managed.
Can I still have children?
Yes — many women with PCOS conceive, sometimes with help from ovulation medication.
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